Bhikaji Cama Place · Delhi · Asia/Kolkata
Jain Pachchakkhan
Compare fixed-clock and proportional solar timing conventions.
Sunrise 06:26 am · Sunset 05:45 pm IST. Published sources use different units for these vows. Compare the two conventions and follow the one used by your sangh.
| Name | Fixed-clock convention | Proportional solar convention |
|---|---|---|
| Navkarshi | 07:14 am | 07:11 am |
| Porshi | 09:26 am | 09:16 am |
| Sadha Porshi | 10:56 am | 10:41 am |
| Purimaddha | 12:26 pm | 12:06 pm |
| Avaddha | 03:26 pm | 02:55 pm |
| Practice | Time |
|---|---|
| Chovihar | 05:00 pm |
| Evening Pratikraman | 05:45 pm |
| Santhara Porshi | 08:55 pm |
| Nishita | 23 Oct, 12:06 am |
| Morning Pratikraman | 23 Oct, 03:16 am |
Sources and conventions
The fixed-clock column follows the Handbook of Jainology’s discussion of Pachchakkan: 48 minutes, then 3, 4½, 6 and 9 hours after sunrise. The Jain Center of Southern California’s 2025 calendar also prints Navkarshi as sunrise plus 48 minutes. The solar column uses fractions of actual daylight, matching the convention visible in Drik Panchang’s timetable. This comparison does not assign either convention to every Jain sect.